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Arāk ((ペルシア語:اراک), ), also known as Sultan Abad ((ペルシア語:سلطان آباد - Soltān Ābād)), is a city in and the capital of Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 526,182, in 160,761 families.〔〔 Arak is one of the major industrial cities in Iran. The city has a lot of different industry sites inside and within few kilometers such as ''Mashinsazi'' and the aluminum factory. These factories produce near half of the needs of the country in the steel industry, the petrochemical industry, and the locomotive industry. The problem with Arak, similar to other industrial cities in developing countries, is air pollution. ==History== Arak, which was called Soltan Abad at the time, was originally founded and financed during the Qajar era by an Iranian-Georgian Yusef Khan e Gorji, a pro-Iranian Georgian warlord given refuge by the Iranian king Agha Mohammad Khan following a territorial dispute with his cousins who were supported by Imperial Russian Empress Catherine the Great. In the period between 1795 and 1797, Yusef Khan e Gorji, renamed Yusef Khan e Sepahdar by the Shah, settled his army in the fertile though poorly-controlled territory that would become modern Arak. Hostile tribes in this region had operated autonomously from Qajar rule. With the Persian Shah's approval, Yusef Khan diverted the main river to drive out the hostiles and built the Sultan Abad fortress, or Baladeh, a war fortress to act as a buffer and serve as the foundation of what would become modern Arak. Yusef Khan's organized military force was established in this region aptly named (or more accurately, re-named) "Persian Iraq" (Iraq e ajam) from ancient times meaning 'smooth land'. According to historians, Yusef Khan built Arak from his own personal income and with the aid of affluents. The town would remain a military base and fortress until 1892. The Sultan Abad fortress had a thick wall surrounded by great moats, 7 meters deep. Eight towers were constructed around the town and the governmental building was established in its northern part. In 1891, deputy governor, Etemad ol Saltane Mirza Hassan, repaired all of the shops, gardens and all government buildings in Sultan Abad's greater town and with the owners of industries from other towns, settled in Arak. Large portions of the town were annexed as personal property to the pre-existing army commanders though these were ultimately turned over to the state from 1918–1922. The evolution of the modern town name is from Sultan Abad fortress, to Sultan Abad, to Iraq e Ajam (Iraq of Persians), and finally to its current name, Arak, in 1938. The city officially became a metropolis (''Kalânşahr/کلانشهر'') after the merger with Karahrud and Senjan occurred on April 6, 2013.〔〔http://rajanews.com/detail.asp?id=154355 تبدیل یک شهر دیگر به کلان شهر-سه شنبه، 25 تير -رجانیوز1392 15:57〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arak, Iran」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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